![]() FEMA’s 100-year floodplain–the area that has at least a one-percent chance of experiencing flood in a given year–has been used to define high-risk flood zones, known as the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA). FEMA’s floodplain maps are used to determine flood risk zones and their base flood elevations (BFEs), which have been used to define flood risk regions around the United States of America ( Xian et al., 2015). Between 19, the United States of America was affected by 36 catastrophic floods that caused a total $173.3 billion (consumer price index adjusted) in direct losses ( NOAA, 2022). These results enhance understanding of flood risk and the benefits of elevating homes above F F H 0 in the shaded X Zone.įlood is considered the costliest natural hazard worldwide ( Wang & Sebastian, 2021). Elevating homes one and four feet above F F H 0 substantially mitigates this risk, generating savings of 0.07–0.18 and 0.09–0.23 percent of V R for a one-story, single-family home without and with basement, respectively. ![]() Results reveal a median AAL in the shaded X Zone of 0.13 and 0.17 percent of replacement cost value ( V R) for a one-story, single-family home without and with basement, respectively, at F F H 0 and 500-year flood depth <1 foot. The proposed approach generates synthetic flood parameters, quantifies AAL for a hypothetical slab-on–grade, single-family home with varying attributes and scenarios above the slab-on-grade elevation, and compares flood risk for two areas using the synthetic flood parameters vs existing spatial interpolation-estimated flood parameters. To further inform flood mitigation strategy, annual flood risk reduction with additional elevation above an initial first-floor height ( F F H 0) is estimated. This study proposes a systematic approach to predict flood risk for a single-family home using average annual loss (AAL) in the shaded X Zone–the area immediately outside the SFHA (i.e., the 500-year floodplain), which lies between the limits of the 1.0- and 0.2-percent annual flood probability. Flood risk outside the SFHA is often underestimated because of minimal flood-related insurance requirements and regulations and sparse flood depth data. Thus, restricting flood risk analysis to the 100-year floodplain (Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) in the United States of America) is misleading.
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